This paper proposes that natural-language negation is best understood as a discourse phenomenon. It is also proposed that discourse can be treated in a geometrical rather than a propositional framework. This perhaps surprising notion is based on the prevalence of metaphorically spatial meanings in language and in the description of language. In this context, standard geometry is a natural tool.
In this essay is underlined the fact, that in every process of setting up a new nation and at the same time of neo-latin European language a celtic, lusitan, galic, iliric, daco-moesic substratum can be distinguished and then the basic element a Roman stratum (latin) as well as an adstratum (germanic in West and slavonic in East).